CRITICISM Page 7

  Monument Mountain is a poem of about a hundred and forty blank Pentameters and relates the tale of an Indian maiden who loved her cousin. Such a love being deemed incestuous by the morality of her tribe, she threw herself from a precipice and perished. There is little peculiar in the story or its narration. We quote a rough verse The mighty columns with which earth props heaven. The use of the epithet old preceded by some other adjective, is found so frequently in this poem and elsewhere in the writings of Mr. Bryant, as to excite a smile upon each recurrence of the expression.

  In all that proud old world beyond the deep There is a tale about these gray old rocks The wide old woods resounded with her song And the gray old men that passed And from the gray old trunks that high in heaven.

  We dislike too the antique use of the word affect in such sentences as

  They deemed

  Like worshippers of the elder time that

  God Doth walk in the high places and affect

  The earth- o'erlooking mountains. Milton, it is true, uses it- we remember it especially in Comus 'T is most true

  That musing meditation most affects

  The pensive secrecy of desert cellbut then Milton would not use it were he writing Comus today.

  In the Summer Wind, our author has several successful attempts at making "the sound an echo to the sense." For example For me, I lie

  Languidly in the shade, where the thick turf

  Yet virgin from the kisses of the sun

  Retains some freshness.

  All is silent, save the faint

  And interrupted murmur of the bee

  Settling on the sick flowers, and then again

  Instantly on the wing.

  All the green herbs

  Are stirring in his breath; a thousand flowers

  By the road side, and the borders of the brook

  Nod, gaily to each other.

  Autumn Woods. This is a poem of much sweetness and simplicity of expression, and including one or two fine thoughts, viz: the sweet South-west at play

  Flies, rustling where the painted leaves are strown

  Along the winding way.

  But 'neath yon crimson tree

  Lover to listening maid might breathe his flame,

  Nor mark within its roseate canopy

  Her flush of maiden shame.

  The mountains that unfold

  In their wide sweep the colored landscape round,

  Seem groups of giant kings in purple and gold

  That guard the enchanted ground. All this is beautiful- Happily to endow inanimate nature with sentience and a capability of moral action is one of the severest tests of the poet. Even the most unmusical ear will not fail to appreciate the rare beauty and strength of the extra syllable in the line

  Seem groups of giant kings in purple and gold.

  The Distinterred Warrior has a passage we do not clearly understand. Speaking of the Indian our author says For he was fresher from the hand

  That formed of earth the human face,

  And to the elements did stand

  In nearer kindred than our race.

  There are ten similar quatrains in the poem.

  The Greek Boy consists of four spirited stanzas, nearly resembling, in metre, The Living Lost. The two concluding lines are highly ideal.

  A shoot of that old vine that made

  The nations silent in its shade.

  When the Firmament Quivers with Daylight's Young Beam, belongs to a species of poetry which we cannot be brought to admire. Some natural phenomenon is observed, and the poet taxes his ingenuity to find a parallel in the moral world. In general, we may assume, that the more successful he is in sustaining a parallel, the farther he departs from the true province of the Muse. The title, here, is a specimen of the metre. This is a kind which we have before designated as exceedingly difficult to manage.

  To a Musquito, is droll, and has at least the merit of making, at the same time, no efforts at being sentimental. We are not inclined, however, to rank as poems, either this production or the article on New England Coal.

  The Conjunction of Jupiter and Venus has ninety Pentameters. One of them

  Kind influence. Lo! their orbs burn more bright, can only be read, metrically, by drawing out influence into three marked syllables, shortening the long monosyllable, Lo! and lengthening the short one, their.

  June is sweet and soft in its rhythm, and inexpressibly pathetic. There is an illy subdued sorrow and intense awe coming up, per force as it were to the surface of the poet's gay sayings about his grave, which we find thrilling us to the soul.

  And what if cheerful shouts, at noon,

  Come, from the village sent,

  Or songs of maids, beneath the moon

  With fairy laughter blent?

  And what if, in the evening light,

  Betrothed lovers walk in sight

  Of my low monument?

  I would the lovely scene around

  Might know no sadder sight nor sound.

  I know, I know I should not see

  The season's glorious show,

  Nor would its brightness shine for me

  Nor its wild music flow,

  But if, around my place of sleep,

  The friends I love should come to weep,

  They might not haste to go

  Soft airs, and song, and light, and bloom

  Should keep them lingering by my tomb.

  Innocent Child and Snow-White Flower, is remarkable only for the deficiency of a foot in one of its verses.

  White as those leaves just blown apart

  Are the folds of thy own young heart. and for the graceful repetition in its concluding quatrain

  Throw it aside in thy weary hour,

  Throw to the ground the fair white flower,

  Yet as thy tender years depart

  Keep that white and innocent heart.

  Of the seven original sonnets in the volume before us, it is somewhat difficult to speak. The sonnet demands, in a great degree, point, strength, unity, compression, and a species of completeness. Generally, Mr. Bryant has evinced more of the first and the last, than of the three mediate qualities. William Tell is feeble. No forcible line ever ended with liberty, and the best of the rhymes- thee, he, free, and the like, are destitute of the necessary vigor. But for this rhythmical defect the thought in the concluding couplet The bitter cup they mingled strengthened thee

  For the great work to set thy country free would have well ended the sonnet. Midsummer is objectionable for the variety of its objects of allusion. Its final lines embrace a fine thought As if the day of fire had dawned and sent

  Its deadly breath into the firmamentbut the vigor of the whole is impaired by the necessity of placing an unwonted accent on the last syllable of firmament. October has little to recommend it, but the slight epigrammatism of its conclusion And when my last sand twinkled in the glass,

  Pass silently from men- as thou dost pass.

  The Sonnet To Cole, is feeble in its final lines, and is worthy of praise only in the verses Paths, homes, graves, ruins, from the lowest glen

  To where life shrinks from the fierce Alpine air.

  Mutation, a didactic sonnet, has few either of faults or beauties. November is far better. The lines

  And the blue Gentian flower that, in the breeze,

  Nods lonely, of her beauteous race the last, are very happy. A single thought pervades and gives unity to the piece. We are glad, too, to see an Alexandrine in the close. In the whole metrical construction of his sonnets, however, Mr. Bryant has very wisely declined confining himself to the laws of the Italian poem, or even to the dicta of Capel Lofft. The Alexandrine is beyond comparison the most effective finale, and we are astonished that the common Pentameter should ever be employed. The best sonnet of the seven is, we think, that To-. With the exception of a harshness in the last line but one it is perfect. The finale is inimitable.

  Ay, thou art for the grave; thy glances shine

&n
bsp; Too brightly to shine long; another Spring

  Shall deck her for men's eyes, but not for thine

  Sealed in a sleep which knows no wakening.

  The fields for thee have no medicinal leaf,

  And the vexed ore no mineral of power;

  And they who love thee wait in anxious grief

  Till the slow plague shall bring the fatal hour.

  Glide softly to thy rest, then; Death should come

  Gently to one of gentle mould like thee,

  As light winds wandering through groves of bloom

  Detach the delicate blossom from the tree.

  Close thy sweet eyes, calmly, and without pain,

  And we will trust in God to see thee yet again.

  To a Cloud, has another instance of the affectation to which we alluded in our notice of Earth, and The Living Lost.

  Whose sons at length have heard the call that comes

  From the old battle fields and tombs,

  And risen, and drawn the sword, and on the foe

  Have dealt the swift and desperate blow,

  And the Othman power is cloven, and the stroke

  Has touched its chains, and they are broke.

  Of the Translations in the volume it is not our intention to speak in detail. Mary Magdelen, from the Spanish of Bartoleme Leonardo De Argensola, is the finest specimen of versification in the book. Alexis, from the Spanish of Iglesias, is delightful in its exceeding delicacy, and general beauty. We cannot refrain from quoting it entire.

  Alexis calls me cruel The rifted crags that hold

  The gathered ice of winter,

  He says, are not more cold.

  When even the very blossoms

  Around the fountain's brim,

  And forest walks, can witness

  The love I bear to him.

  I would that I could utter

  My feelings without shame

  And tell him how I love him

  Nor wrong my virgin fame.

  Alas! to seize the moment

  When heart inclines to heart,

  And press a suit with passion

  Is not a woman's part.

  If man come not to gather

  The roses where they stand,

  They fade among their foliage,

  They cannot seek his hand.

  The Waterfowl is very beautiful, but still not entitled to the admiration which it has occasionally elicited. There is a fidelity and force in the picture of the fowl as brought before the eve of the mind, and a fine sense of effect in throwing its figure on the background of the "crimson sky," amid "falling dew," "while glow the heavens with the last steps of day." But the merits which possibly have had most weight in the public estimation of the poem, are the melody and strength of its versification, (which is indeed excellent) and more particularly its completeness. Its rounded and didactic termination has done wonders: on my heart,

  Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given

  And shall not soon depart.

  He, who, from zone to zone,

  Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight

  In the long way that I must tread alone

  Will lead my steps aright.

  There are, however, points of more sterling merit. We fully recognize the poet in

  Thou art gone- the abyss of heaven

  Hath swallowed up thy form.

  There is a power whose care

  Teaches thy way along that pathless coast The desert, and illimitable air Lone, wandering, but not lost.

  The Forest Hymn consists of about a hundred and twenty blank Pentameters of whose great rhythmical beauty it is scarcely possible to speak too highly. With the exception of the line

  The solitude. Thou art in the soft winds, no fault, in this respect, can be found, while excellencies are frequent of a rare order, and evincing the greatest delicacy of ear. We might, perhaps, suggest, that the two concluding verses, beautiful as they stand, would be slightly improved by transferring to the last the metrical excess of the one immediately preceding. For the appreciation of this, it is necessary to quote six or seven lines in succession

  Oh, from these sterner aspects of thy face

  Spare me and mine, nor let us need the warmth

  Of the mad unchained elements, to teach

  Who rules them. Be it ours to meditate

  In these calm shades thy milder majesty,

  And to the beautiful order of thy works

  Learn to conform the order of our lives.

  There is an excess of one syllable in the [sixth line]. If we discard this syllable here, and adopt it in the final line, the close will acquire strength, we think, in acquiring a fuller volume.

  Be it ours to meditate

  In these calm shades thy milder majesty,

  And to the perfect order of thy works

  Conform, if we can, the order of our lives.

  Directness, boldness, and simplicity of expression, are main features in the poem.

  Oh God! when thou

  Dost scare the world with tempests, set on fire

  The heavens with falling thunderbolts, or fill

  With all the waters of the firmament

  The swift dark whirlwind that uproots the woods,

  And drowns the villages.

  Here an ordinary writer would have preferred the word fright to scare, and omitted the definite article before woods and villages.

  To the Evening Wind has been justly admired. It is the best specimen of that completeness which we have before spoken of as a characteristic feature in the poems of Mr. Bryant. It has a beginning, middle, and end, each depending upon the other, and each beautiful. Here are three lines breathing all the spirit of Shelley.

  Pleasant shall be thy way, where meekly bows

  The shutting flower, and darkling waters pass,

  And 'twixt the o'ershadowing branches and the grass.

  The conclusion is admirable Go- but the circle of eternal change,

  Which is the life of Nature, shall restore,

  With sounds and scents from all thy mighty range,

  Thee to thy birth-place of the deep once more;

  Sweet odors in the sea air, sweet and strange,

  Shall tell the home-sick mariner of the shore,

  And, listening to thy murmur, he shall deem

  He hears the rustling leaf and running stream.

  Thanatopsis is somewhat more than half the length of The Forest Hymn, and of a character precisely similar. It is, however, the finer poem. Like The Waterfowl, it owes much to the point, force, and general beauty of its didactic conclusion. In the commencement, the lines

  To him who, in the love of nature, holds

  Communion with her visible forms, amp;c. belong to a class of vague phrases, which, since the days of Byron, have obtained too universal a currency. The verse

  Go forth under the open sky and listis sadly out of place amid the forcible and even Miltonic rhythm of such lines as Take the wings

  Of morning, and the Barcan desert pierce,

  Or lose thyself in the continuous woods

  Where rolls the Oregon

  But these are trivial faults indeed and the poem embodies a great degree of the most elevated beauty. Two of its passages, passages of the purest ideality, would alone render it worthy of the general commendation it has received.

  So live, that when thy summons comes to join

  The innumerable caravan that moves

  To that mysterious realm where each shall take

  His chamber in the silent halls of death,

  Thou go not, like the quarry slave at night,

  Scourged to his dungeon; but sustained and soothed

  By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave

  Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch

  About him, and lies down to pleasant dream.

  The hills

  Rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun- the vales

  Stretching in pensive quietude between
The venerable woods- rivers that move

  In majesty, and the complaining brooks

  That make the meadows green- and, pured round all,

  Old Ocean's gray and melancholy waste Are but the solemn decorations all

  Of the great tomb of man.

  Oh, fairest of the Rural Maids! is a gem, of which we cannot sufficiently express our admiration. We quote in full.

  Oh, fairest of the rural maids!

  Thy birth was in the forest shades;

  Green boughs and glimpses of the sky

  Were all that met thine infant eye.

  Thy sports, thy wanderings when a child

  Were ever in the sylvan wild;

  And all the beauty of the place

  Is in thy heart and on thy face.

  The twilight of the trees and rocks

  Is in the light shade of thy locks,

  Thy step is as the wind that weaves

  Its playful way among the leaves.

  Thine eyes are springs, in whose serene

  And silent waters Heaven is seen;

  Their lashes are the herbs that look

  On their young figures in the brook.

  The forest depths by foot impressed

  Are not more sinless than thy breast;

  The holy peace that fills the air

  Of those calm solitudes, is there. A rich simplicity is a main feature in this poem- simplicity of design and execution. This is strikingly perceptible in the opening and concluding lines, and in expression throughout. But there is a far higher and more strictly ideal beauty, which it is less easy to analyze. The original conception is of the very loftiest order of true Poesy. A maiden is born in the forest Green boughs and glimpses of the sky

  Are all which meet her infant eyeShe is not merely modelled in character by the associations of her childhood- this were the thought of an ordinary poet- an idea that we meet with every day in rhyme- but she imbibes, in her physical as well as moral being, the traits, the very features of the delicious scenery around her- its loveliness becomes a portion of her own The twilight of the trees and rocks

  Is in the light shade of her locks,

  And all the beauty of the place

  Is in her heart and on her face. It would have been a highly poetical idea to imagine the tints in the locks of the maiden deducing a resemblance to the "twilight of the trees and rocks," from the constancy of her associations- but the spirit of Ideality is immeasurably more apparent when the "twilight" is represented as becoming identified with the shadows of her hair.